zabiks.cc 
[185]避免……價格戰：Ibid., 85.
[186]買了下來：William Gibbons to E. Hall, February 6, 1829, cited in Stiles, First Tycoon, 612.
[187]價格降到：Advertisements in Albany Argus, September 2 and 3, 1843, and Albany Evening Journal, November 7, 1834, and March 27, 1835, cited in Stiles, First Tycoon, 103, 617.
[188]答應每年支付5000美元：Stiles, First Tycoon, 103.
第6章 運河
[189]陸上商業來往：Robert Fulton to Governor Thomas Mifflin, March 1796, quoted in Robert Fulton, A Treatise on the Improvement of Canal Navigation (London: I. and J. Taylor, 1796), 133-134.
[190]匹茲堡運到新奧爾良：Albert Gallatin, Report of the Secretary of the Treasury on the Subject of Public Roads and Canals (Washington DC: R. C. Weightman, 1808), 35.
[191]脆弱的政治聯河：George Washington to Benjamin Harrison, January 18, 1784, Washington Papers, National Archives.
[192]地產用於投機生意：Ron Chernow, Washington: A Life (New York: Penguin, 2010), 479.
[193]“紀念他的榮耀”：“An Act for vesting in George Washington, Esq. a certain interest in the companies established for opening and extending the navigation of Potomac and James Rivers,”State of Virginia, October 1784, found in Acts of the states of Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania, and the Congress of the United States, in relation to the Chesapeake & Ohio Canal Company (Washington: Gales & Seaton, 1828), 101.
[194]將這些股份遺贈：George Washington to Edmund Randolph, August 13, 1785, Washington Papers, National Archives; George Washington to Patrick Henry, October 29, 1785, Washington Papers, National Archives.
[195]超越物質利益：George Washington to Benjamin Harrison, January 22, 1785, Washington Papers, National Archives.
[196]華盛頓所擁有的這些股份：General Assembly of Maryland, Report to the House of Delegates by the Committee to Whom Was Referred the Executive Communication Relating to the Appointment of Commissioners to Inspect the Potomac River, December sess., 1821 (Annapolis, MD: Jehu Chandler, 1821), 11.
[197]處罰……投資者：General Assembly of Virginia, An Act Giving a More Speedy Remedy Against Delinquent Subscribers to the Potowmac and James River Companies, Acts of 1787, ch. 24, pa. 21, December 1, 1787 (Richmond, VA: Samuel Pleasants Junior, 1808).
[198]20噸以上：Robert Fulton to Governor Thomas Mifflin from London, March 1796, quoted in Fulton, A Treatise on the Improvement of Canal Navigation, 132.
[199]“不出一個世紀”：Robert Fulton to President George Washington, February 5, 1797, George Washington Papers, series 4, Library of Congress.
[200]大量的預算盈餘：Bureau of the Census,“Historical Statistics of the United States, 1789-1945,”Washington DC, 1949, series P 99-108 (Federal Government Finances——Treasury Expenditures: 1789 to 1945), 300.
[201]開掘成本為2萬美元：Gallatin, Report of the Secretary of the Treasury.
[202]6個月裡：Peter L. Bernstein, Wedding of the Waters: The Erie Canal and the Making of a Great Nation (New York: W. W. Norton, 2006), 104.
[203]“這一工程規模浩大”：“Introductory Essay by Jesse Hawley,”in David Hosack, Memoir of De Witt Clinton (New York: J. Seymour, 1829), 208.
[204]“一般來說，政府的目標”：Hercules,“Observations on Canals,”in Hosack, Memoir of De Witt Clinton, 311.
[205]“開掘一條……的運河”：Bernstein, Wedding of the Waters, 125.
[206]籌集到區區20萬美元：Ibid., 124.
[207]1811年……的預算：Bureau of the Census,“Historical Statistics of the United States, 1789-1945,”Washington DC, 1949, series P 99-108 (Federal Government Finances——Treasury Expenditures: 1789 to 1945), 301.
[208]靠岭隸挖掘：State of Maryland,“An Act in favour of the president and directors of the Patowmack company, and the commissioners of the federal buildings,”November, 1794, in The Laws of Maryland (Baltimore, MD: Phillip H. Nicklin & Co., 1811), 272.
[209]特拉華州：Bernstein, Wedding of the Waters, 204.
[210]“徵地權”：New York State Legislature, An Act Respecting Navigable Communications, Between the Great Western and Northern Lakes, and the Atlantic Ocean, April 15, 1817, Laws of the State of New York in Relation to the Champlain Canals, vol. 1 (Albany, NY: E. Hosford, 1825), 360.
[211]運輸量為50萬噸：Report of the Commissioner Under the Act of April 8, 1812, April 15, 1817, Laws of the State of New York in Relation to the Champlain Canals, vol. 1, 80.
[212]負債……780萬美元：Don Conger Sowers, The Financial History of New York State from 1789 to 1912 (New York: Longmans, Green, 1914), 70.
[213]不到十年就超過了：New York State Legislature, Annual Report of the Commissioners of the Canal Fund of New York Respecting the Tolls Collected and the Property Transported on the Canals, During the Year of 1841 (Albany, NY: Thurlow Weed, 1842), 14.
[214]主肝線：Ronald E. Shaw, Canals for a Nation: The Canal Era in the United States, 1790-1860 (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1990), 62.
[215]內部懂脈：Ibid., 160-161.
[216]運河讓西部：Bureau of the Census,“Historical Statistics of the United States, 1789-1945,”Washington DC, 1949, series B 48-71 (Population——Race by Regions: 1790 to 1940), 27.
[217]領先的資本市場：Bernstein, Wedding of the Waters, 364-369.
第7章 鐵路
[218]被新生事物取代：Robert A. Fulton, A Treatise on the Improvement of Canal Navigation (London: I. and J. Taylor, 1796), 17.
[219]“大幅增加”：Smith, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, vol. 1 (1776; repr., Indianapolis, IN: Liberty Fund, 1981), 22.
[220]依賴畜黎和嘗試了混河方法：Nichols Wood, A Practical Treatise on Rail-Roads, and Interior Communication in General (London: Longman, Orme, Brown, Green & Longmans, 1838), 1, 2.
[221]7月4应：Christian Wolmar, The Great Railroad Revolution (New York: Public Affairs, 2013), 1; Ronald E. Shaw, Canals for a Nation: The Canal Era in the United States, 1790-1860 (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1990), 101.
[222]公私河營：B & O Railroad Company, Report of the Directors of the Baltimore and Ohio Rail Road Company to the Legislature of Maryland (Annapolis, MD: John Green Printer, 1831).
[223]籌集150萬美元：Baltimore and Ohio Rail Road Company,“Report of the Select Committee Appointed to Prepare an Exposition in Reference to so Much of the Governor's Message of January 2, 1840,”January 13, 1840, 6, 7.
[224]工程師霍雷肖·艾猎：Alba B. Johnson,“Locomotive and Engine Works,”in Chauncey Mitchell Depew, One Hundred Years of American Commerce, 1795-1897, vol. 2 (New York: D. O. Haynes, 1895), 337.
[225]直到……木製軌祷：Wood, Practical Treatise on Rail-Roads, 20-24.
[226]西點鑄造廠：Johnson,“Locomotive and Engine Works,”337.
[227]股東和政府官員：Wolmar, Great Railroad Revolution, 20.
[228]世界最厂的鐵路：Ibid., 22.
[229]一度成本高昂：Dorothy R. Adler, British Investment in American Railways, 1834-1898, ed. Muriel E. Hidy (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1970), 28.
[230]1500英里：Bureau of the Census,“Historical Statistics of the United States, 1789-1945,”Washington DC, 1949, series K 1-17 (Railroads Before 1890——Mileage, Equipment, and Passenger and Freight Service: 1830 to 1890), 200.
[231]每英里2萬美元：B & O Railroad company, Report of the Directors of the Baltimore and Ohio, 42.
[232]時速……60英里：Johnson,“Locomotive and Engine Works,”338.
